Real Estate Investment Trusts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Real Estate Investment Trusts - Research Paper Example The conceptual framework of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITS) in the UK has been characteristically shaped against the backdrop of an evolving unique property market investment paradigm vis--vis the diversity and complexity of non-property market investment vehicles that have hitherto dominated the UK investment scenario (Wyatt, 2007, p. 143). While still there is a considerable amount of confusion as to what REITS are able to accomplish on their own in a highly competitive strategically diverse highly risk-prone property investment market, there is an equally formidable quantum of hope on the part of the average property investor and the market analyst that the UK property market has the potential for growth and sustainability despite a global downturn and rising pessimism among investors in general. This conceptual framework underlies the very organizational structure of the REIT industry and thereby influences its evolving strategic shape. Though the average REIT is structured in the same way as a private or a public company according to the British law, there is a significant amount of variance in its capital structure and composition. For instance in the process of distribution of profits the REIT is obliged under the Finance Act of 2006 to withhold tax from profit distributions made to shareholders out of property-related investment profits. While REITS elect themselves to be rewarded with the privilege of being tax-exempted on profits made from certain property-related investments, they have little freedom by way of diversification of assets or portfolios.Real estate investment vehicles as initiated under REITS have been noted also for their strategic emphasis on tradable shares whose prices are determined by free market forces - demand and supply. Another inherent feature associated with them is the tax transparency. Indeed the latter characteristic influences both demand for and supply of such assets despite a negative corollary associated with such declarations. For instance the demand for such investment vehicles as that of properties could be attributed to a variety of causal factors ranging from constantly rising real returns to tax-exemptions. On the other hand supply factors include REITS' ability to divert and channel risk-prone investments away from potential collapse into an attractive investment proposition that fetches real returns.Although a number of investment vehicles exist in the non-property sector of the economy, there is very little strategic freedom for the average REIT to channel funds into diverse investments thus expecting a real but constantly growing return (Acharya and Dimson, 2007, p.176). While the company is a normal corporate entity with a listing on a stock exchange there is something unusual about its strategic focus , viz. the way and manner in which it conducts itself in distributing profits. Potential investors would have the assurance of getting some profits but nevertheless how much profit is determined by

East is East Essay Example for Free

East is East Essay East is East is a play about family life set in Salford at the start of the 1970s. It focuses on the Khan family, specifically the children, who are coming to terms with their identity in a mixed race household dominated by an abusive father. In this assignment, I will explore how the conflicts and tension in the play are dramatically revealed through the use of humor. I will explore Act 1, Scene 1, and Act 2 Scenes 2, 4, and 5. Throughout these scenes I will look at the separate conflicts and tension concerning Abdul, George and Sajit. It is necessary to observe Georges behavior closely as his actions directly impact upon his family, especially his children. His character shows the crossing over of the two cultures. Abduls character shows the clash of the two cultures and how they both try to overcome the other. He is the voice which speaks for the views of the children. Of all the children, Sajits character most strongly embodies the conflicts and struggles of being trapped between two extremely different cultures. His trademark parka appears to symbolize his hidden inner feelings, since it is worn all throughout the play until his emotional breakthrough in Act 2, Scene 5 (further discussed later in this essay). The children of the family are aged between 12 23. Act 1, Scene 1, has an everyday family life theme to it, with the family in a typical atmosphere which they are nearly always in. This act is useful as it helps set the play and introduces the lifestyles of the characters: â€Å"The contrast of cultures should come out in the set dressing, wall paper, oil cloth, Islamic prayer stickers, a coffee table with a picture of the Taj Mahal, a Lazy Susan which is always full of washing. † (Act 1, Scene 1) we are aware of the atmosphere and theme from this which helps set the play. We can see the contrast by having a picture of the Taj Mahal and then a Lazy Susan. A Lazy Susan is heavy slang which can help elucidate the situation. However, when the dialogue starts, we are taken of the description of the set and are faced with a humorous situation which involves George chasing Sajit because he has not been circumcised: â€Å"GEORGE: I tell you stupy, why you no listen. Your son bloody got it (He indicates his crotch. ) here tickle-tackle. † (Act 1, Scene 1) It is quite important that George is raising an issue that his son has not been circumcised. This reflects his views and is the first sign that he is a very religious Muslim. George uses Pidgin English which is very funny and shows that he has taken parts of the Pakistani dialect and merged it with English. Also George uses euphemisms instead of explicit terms which make it amusing like stupy. There is almost a sense of Schadenfreude for the audience as George, who is usually violent in his control of the family, is struggling to speak fluently. This is funny as it makes it seem as if he is hanging somewhere in between the two cultures. Another stage direction shows Georges relationship with his wife: â€Å"George grins slightly, these arguments happen all the time, and this one has reached its point. † (Act 1, Scene 1) In this quotation, we can see the relationship George has with his wife and that he is a playful character. This is another image of George that the audience gets and they assume that this is Georges normal behaviour. In this scene there are not any visible conflicts between the characters. This scene does not appear to be particularly loaded, but then again it is only the beginning of the play. This changes as we begin to slowly find out. In Act 2, Scene 2, the cross-cultural conflicts created by the tension slowly built throughout the play up to this point is finally resolved. Sajit is opening up to his older brother, Abdul, and Abdul is seeing Sajit in a new light. Sajit to him was always the dotty child who never took off his coat. The symbolism of Sajits coat is like his protection and sanctuary to get away from all of the harsh treatment and bad feelings that he receives. In Act 2, Scene 5, more is revealed about the symbolism of Sajits coat. After their talk Abdul wishes he had a parka to get away from all the conflicts, living up to his fathers expectations and his complicated life: â€Å"I wish I had a parka. † (Act 2, Scene 2) This quotation has importance as it shows that Abdul has accepted Sajit and his ways. It also shows that he would like to seek refuge just like Sajit and shows that he also is vulnerable like his brother. This is the first time that Abdul has shown any sort of understanding towards Sajits feelings. Another family conflict is shown when Abdul tries to explain to Tariq, his younger and rebellious brother, why he has never defied his father and let his father overpower him: â€Å"I want him to treat me like a proper son, I want him to trust me. I dont want him to feel as if Im some investment for his future. † (Act 2, Scene 2) Abdul is trying to explain to Tariq why he listens to his father and tries to respect him. This shows that Abdul is very reasonable and can see both points of views, from his and his siblings and his view and from his fathers. The world conflict in this scene forms a backdrop in the play. George feels strongly about Pakistan and the war as he has family near the borderline. Ella (his wife) on the other hand, does not really care about the war and is more concerned about life back home and her family: They only come around here when they want money, or when money wants sending to Pakistan, to buy more bleeding land that were not gonna live on. And do you think any of my kids are gonna get a look in, if owt happened to you? (Act 2, Scene 2) Ella is finally unleashing her feelings which she has bottled up for the course of her marriage with George. George is dumbfounded as he knows that it is truth, then when Ella says: â€Å"Im not gonna stand by and let you crush them one by one because of your pig bloody ignorance. † (Act 2, Scene 2) George upon hearing Ella apparently call him pig becomes angry. He is a volatile character and Ellas words trigger off his already heated temperament (Pork is forbidden in Islam, so he feels gravely insulted): â€Å"George grabs Ella violently by her hair and pulls her to the ground. We see Sajit crying in the yard. † (Act 2, Scene 2) The scene has come to a dramatic conclusion which has a lot of tension within it, from both the domestic violence and Abdul and Tariqs encounter. A lot of tension has developed in this scene and is building up to the climax. In Act 2, Scene 4 we see Abdul in another light. We see him confessing and repenting his actions from earlier. The atmosphere becomes very tense as Abdul delivers a very powerful speech which releases a lot of tension: â€Å"I just sat there and watched them, and I didnt belong, I was crying,  crying so hard I couldnt catch my breath. † (Act 2, Scene 4) After this strong comment, the stage directions amplify the atmosphere: â€Å"Pause. We can just hear the music playing in the background. † (Act 2, Scene 4) This is a dramatic part of the scene as Abdul has vented his feelings about his behavior all in one powerful release. The relevance of the music is important as it is background music which can clearly be heard as both Abdul and Tariq are silent, showing that it is a reminder of their culture and the rising tensions. This scene is important as it helps us understand the character of Abdul. We can see that he can understand the young and childish views of his youngest brother, and the serious views of Tariq. Throughout the play, tension and humor have entwined which has built up to the climax of the play in the final scene. In Act 2, Scene 5, the tension of the play has risen to the climax and everyone is rushing around for the arrival of the guests. There is tension in the air as they are waiting for the arrival of Mr. Shah (the father of Abdul and Tariqs brides to-be): â€Å"Ella is plaiting Meenahs hair. Sajit sits oblivious to all the confusion around him, reading a comic. † (Act 2, Scene 5) We can see that there is tension as everyone is scurrying about doing their own thing. Ella seems to be in control of the situation and is ordering everyone about: â€Å"ELLA: Keep it bloody still then. Sajit go upstairs and ask your Dad to give you the nit comb. † (Act 2, Scene 5) â€Å"ELLA: Hang on, I havent got two pairs of hands. Abdul! Fix Tariqs tie. (Pause. ) Wheres Saleem? † (Act 2, Scene 5) â€Å"ELLA: Sajit go upstairs and ask your dad to get me jeweler out of the safe. (As Sajit goes. ) And take that bleeding parka off! Abdul, get the posh cups out of the cabinet in the kitchen. † (Act 2, Scene 5) In all of these quotations, we see Ella sending the children off around the whole house to prepare before Mr. Shah arrives. Upon the arrival of the guest the tone changes and the family adopt a posh approach, which is an immediate contrast with their usual eccentric behavior: â€Å"Mr. Shah enters greeted by Ella. Ella leads him into the parlor, followed by the others, Sajit bringing up the rear trying to see. Ella has now got her slightly posh voice on. † (Act 2, Scene 5) Then Mr. Shah is introduced. We can tell that he holds very high standards as everyone greets him as he is introduced. Ella who is normally very informal has now become very posh as she is aware of the respect that Mr. Shah deserves. We can see that Ella does not seem to know what to say and when to say it: â€Å"Oh theyre quite heftya ¦the frames I mean! Look George, arent they lovely? † (Act 2, Scene 5) In this quotation we can see that Ella has spoken aloud her true opinion about the girls pictures, but hastily manages to recover. This is quite an obvious sign that Ella is not used to meeting those who are from the Pakistani background and is embedded in the English culture. There is tension in the air because; if one character makes a mistake then there will be serious consequences like Mr. Shah refusing to allow his daughters to marry into the family: â€Å"Enter Meenah with the tea, she sees the photos, she can barely control her laughter, this could be dangerous. She scuttles out of the room quick. † â€Å"MEENAH: Ill just go and get the biscuits. (She almost snorts this. )† (Act 2, Scene 5) The children also notice that the pictures are unsightly and can hardly control their laughter, just like their mother. This is funny but serious as we can understand the comedy of the circumstances but the seriousness of the situation. In this scene there are cross-cuts between the two actions at the same time. There is the formal type atmosphere in the parlor and the informal light hearted tone in the living room where the children are gathered. This is quite good as tension is increased as the two actions happen. When one scene occurs, the other pauses thus building tension between the two. There is comedy present as the children are joking about with Saleems model and on the other hand we have such a serious atmosphere: â€Å"Ella goes to grab the model, but Saleem gets there first. She begins to chase him round the room. † (Act 2, Scene 5) As the model is of something so explicit, it is entertaining to see the situation change to such an amusing one. Then it says: â€Å"We are aware of the commotion outside the parlor door. † SALEEM: (from outside). Mam let go, youre pulling all the hair out! (Act 2, Scene 5) These quotations show the situation from the other room and we can imagine what the guest and the family are thinking. The family is all seated and then suddenly: â€Å"Saleem falls through the door clutching the model. He lands in front of Mr. Shah. † (Act 2, Scene 5) The sudden entrance of Saleem has surprised the guest, and George too has finally lost patience with his own family. Even though something so embarrassing and detrimental has happened Ella uses humor which induces the tension building to the climax: â€Å"ELLA: Im very sorry Mr. Shah, it was an accident, the hair came off in me hands. † (Act 2, Scene 5) Mr. Shah has been a patient guest for the family, but he too finally loses it. He cannot believe he was about to wed his daughters into this crazy family: â€Å"This is an insult to me, and to my family! How can you allow your son to behave like this! I will never let my daughters marry into this jungly family of half-breeds! † (Act 2, Scene 5) This too is an insult to Ella who as explained before loves her own children. She cannot let this pass her so easily: â€Å"Well your daughters arent good enough for my sons or your house. And if I hear you say another word about my family, Ill put that fanny over your bastard head. † (Act 2, Scene 5) Once again Ella has defended her family and used humor to add more tension to the atmosphere. This speech is tough as Ella overrules George to shout at Mr. Shah. Mr. Shah exits feeling personally insulted, and then George loses it: â€Å"You baster bitch, you insulting guest, bring bloody shame on family. † (Act 2, Scene 5) He is more concerned about what others think of his family and is annoyed that Ella has insulted not just an ordinary guest, but a Pakistani respectable man. George is too irrational and cannot see any other side to it so: â€Å"George grabs Ella, and pushes her to the floor, he starts to hit her. † (Act 2, Scene 5) Now George is hitting Ella for the second time and the children, all except Sajit, have not seen this brutal attack before. They are stunned: â€Å"Saleem and Tariq run over to try and stop him, Manner grabs Ella and tries to pull her away. Sajit takes off his coat, runs over, and starts to hit George with it. † (Act 2, Scene 5) Abdul has taken control of the situation and is grabbing his father and holding him against the wall. He is acting on behalf of all of the children: â€Å"ABDUL: Dad! (He grabs George and pushes him against the wall. ) Get off her stop it. † (Act 2, Scene 5) Abdul has just done a very manly action by sizing up to his father and then pushing him away. His conflicts have arisen as he has previously had to atone and be a religious Muslim and then had to face this situation. Sajit has been silent throughout the previous action but suddenly has whipped off his parka and started whacking his dad with it. This is such a major change as the metaphor of his parka has changed i. e. the parka represented bottled up feelings and now it is being released. The action of reliving the scene of his father attacking his mother must have removed his fears. The following quotation has a strong message in it: â€Å"Sajit runs off to the shed crying. Pause. Theres just the sound of Ella crying. The others help her into a chair. † â€Å"George starts to cry. † â€Å"GEORGE: I only try to help you son, I no want to bloody hurt you, I love my family. I have to bloody stick up for family when people calling. † (Act 2, Scene 5) The pause in the stage directions is used to build suspense and create more tension. Then when George begins to cry we realize that he is not all bad. The previous examples of George that we have seen are those which show him in either a humorous or bad light, not in a sympathetic light. The fact that he is crying shows that he too is human and feels sad about his actions. His  speech states that he cares for his family, and has their best interests at heart. This is quite moving and is almost like a healing to all of the violence. It proves that he does care for his family after all. Then George leaves and Abdul goes to speak to Sajit, who has retired to the coal shed. Sajit too has released his anger and even tells Abdul it: â€Å"I was only hitting him cause he hit me mam. He always does it. He said he was gonna burn the house down. † (Act 2, Scene 5) Sajit has said something which echoes his inner feelings all along. He thought that his dad was going to burn his house down. Sajit has foolishly taken Georges previous threat from when he previously beat up Ella to heart. This shows that he may be dotty, but he does care. Once again, he opens up to Abdul: â€Å"I didnt half give him a belt didnt I? † (Act 2, Scene 5) Then Abdul asks if Sajit wants to keep his coat, but surprisingly Sajit doesnt. In the following quotation, we can see Sajit giving all his fears up and relieving all his stress. â€Å"Sajit takes the coat, goes over to the bin, lifts up the lid, takes one last look at his coat, and throws it in. † (Act 2, Scene 5). The fact that Sajit has taken a final look at the coat may mean that he is reflecting on all of the times that his coat was a haven for him away from all of the troubles that plagued him. After such a moving ending and tension humor is once again introduced, as Sajit says: â€Å"Can I have another look at our Saleems model? † (Act 2, Scene 5) This shows the final example where humor is used to reveal tensions and conflicts. The resolution of the play is one that the audience may not have expected and is quite fulfilling as it successfully concludes the conflicts between the characters. From my assignment, I can conclude that conflicts and tension are dramatically revealed through the use of humor. In many scenes, we can see this like Act 1, Scene1 and Act 2, Scene 5. The purpose of this play is portraying life as an Anglo-Pakistani in the 1970s. It highlights the difficulties and good times of being Asian. The reason that Ayub-Khan-Din wrote the play was because the play was a way to show others how his life was for a typical Pakistani family growing up, in his circumstances. The playwright has based the play around his life which made it more real and understandable. This play is very autobiographical as it shows certain aspects of his life and shows the struggles for Anglo-Pakistani families. The play seems humorous, and since I didn’t really know how bad problems can really be in an English-Pakistani family living in England, I thought they had exaggerated a lot. But later finding out that the play is autobiographical; it made me understand the theme a bit better. It made me look at the play very differently, and it was easier to value the atmosphere as it was based upon a true lifestyle.

The Big Issue in the North Essay -- Social Issues, Homelessness, Crime

This essay will concentrate on the Big Issue in the North (BIIN) which is part of a social business with the solution and support systems to help eradicate social problems and create opportunities for people â€Å"who have had a raw deal in life†,(Swithinbank,2001) empowering them to change their lives. The BIIN is a limited company employing staff to write, design and distribute the magazine. Vendors buy the magazine for one pound and sell it for two pounds, making a 100 per-cent profit. Some of this money must be re-invested into buying more magazines; the rest is kept by the vendor. In this way, despite being socially excluded, the vendor has a regular wage. This encourages people to make efforts to develop routine and stability and gives them opportunity to change their lives for the better. This essay will look at how the Big Issue partakes in current legislation; the history of the Big Issue; study the internal structure of the organisation and demonstrate how the Big Is sue ensures effectiveness and manages constraints. Every Government which has come into power has tried to eradicate homelessness, and lower crime rates. The 2002 Homelessness Act defined provisions that local councils, homeless agencies and housing associations have to follow to develop and help eradicate homelessness. Shelter says â€Å"it is glad the government has come round to its view that street homelessness is only the most visible form of homelessness† (Walker, 2002). As a result of these acts the BIIN in Liverpool partake in monthly meetings with other agencies such as the Whitechapel, Basement and Mental Health teams. The Liverpool Homelessness Strategy 2008- 11, sets out how all stakeholders such as the BIIN will focus on prevention of homelessness ... ...he ways staff overcomes this difficulty is by using internet resources, pictures and power phrasing words. In extreme circumstances staff can consult a translator, however this is expensive. Another constraint is staff storages which mean out of town vendors are not always monitored as often as city centre vendors. This could be managed by having a staff member once a month committed to out of town visits. Finally this essay has shown how the BIIN gives homeless people the opportunity to earn an income it also gives them motivation and self-esteem and goes beyond just selling the magazine. This essay shows the BIIN works in partnership with many agencies by sharing information, by following government guidelines and offering people a â€Å"hand up instead of hand out†. The BIIN also demonstrates that all individuals should be included in society and be valued.

Waste Management Practices Of Mcdonalds Environmental Sciences Essay

McDonalds is one of the largest and most good known planetary fast nutrient eating houses. Ray Kroc is the laminitis of the company in the twelvemonth 1955. The company has been runing for 55 old ages and has 32000 eating houses concatenation in more than 117 states. More than 75 % of McDonald ‘s world-wide mercantile establishments are operated by franchisees or affiliates ( Our Company 2010 ) . There are 1.5 million employees worldwide working to function 50 million worldwide clients each twenty-four hours ( McDonald ‘s Restaurants Ltd, 2006 ) . Over the many old ages, 1000000s of people have patronage McDonald ‘s because it is a sure name with proved service. In returning that trueness, McDonalds have an duty to give back to the community ( SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, 2010 ) . McDonalds supports Ronald McDonald House Charities ( RMHC ) , carnal public assistance, nutrient safety and environment ( SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, 2010 ) . This essay shall analyze how McDonalds has performed in the relation to the environment peculiarly waste direction patterns. The populace of the current age are concerned about the sum of packaging and nutrient waste produced by McDonald ‘s eating houses ( Better Packaging with McDonald ‘s, 2009 ) . A study conducted by Keep Britain Tidy that approximately 29 % of the litter waste on the Britain Street was come from the McDonalds eating house ( Gray, L 2009 ) . Therefore, one of the best solutions taken by McDonalds is pull off the waste through waste direction patterns, which is affecting in decrease, reuse, recycling and disposal ( Better Packaging with McDonald ‘s, 2009 ) . As one of the largest fast nutrient eating houses worldwide, McDonalds has become an environment leader. Hence, McDonalds is determined to analyse every facet of their concern on their impact on the environment and harmonizing to the analysis and seek effectual ways to heighten the environment . McDonalds is trusting to last and remain in a clean environment where the air, H2O and the Earth are clean and every bit good construct an environment sound universe to the hereafter coevals ( ) . McDonalds has done a assortment of different as compared to the past and current public presentation. In the yesteryear, McDonalds used the polystyrene froth as packaging nutrient. Many conservationists dislike polystyrene froth because the production of froth will let go of out the CFC, which can damage the ambiance. The froth besides to take long clip to interrupt down, if at all, in landfills, which is where most of it winds up because there are comparatively few recycling centres ( ) . Besides, McDonalds was required 46 gms of packaging in â€Å" mean repast † – a Big Mac, french friess and a shingle in twelvemonth 1970 ( Case A: McDonald ‘s Environmental Strategy, 1995 ) . In add-on, there was no industrial graduated table recycling before ( Rose, 2009 ) . Furthermore, McDonalds did non pattern the exercising of change overing the waste into energy. Presents, McDonalds has found many alternate ways to heighten the environment public presentation in term of the waste direction patterns. First, McDonalds has replaced the polystyrene froth by the utilizing paper based-wraps in order to cut down the waste volume in the waste direction procedure ( Better Packaging with McDonald ‘s, 2009 ) . The replacing is because of consumers demand and heeding advocate of environmental groups ( Liddle, A 1990 ) . McDonalds major markets, approximately 83 % of the packaging used for nutrient, drinks and other consumer intents is made of some signifier of paper ( McDonald ‘s Worldwide Corporate Responsibility Report, 2006 ) . Another is the decreased sum of stuff used in each point of packaging ( our environment, 2008 ) . Third, McDonalds recycles boxing waste and recycles used cooking oil in waste direction patterns ( Recycling in the eating house – Concentrating on operational chances, 2010 ) . Fourthly, proper disposal waste pl ans are been carried out to pull off the nutrient waste once the McDonalds can non cut down, reuse and recycle the waste ( our environment, 2008 ) . Recent twelvemonth, McDonald in UK has a test tested out an alternate method of disposal, which by change overing the nutrient waste to energy ( Pull offing the impacts of the leftovers, 2010 ) . DavidA Fairhurst, senior frailty president for McDonald ‘s UK & A ; Northern Europe said that the change overing waste to energy is promoting that has already reduced the environmental impact in the country by 48 % and important measure on accomplishing zero waste to landfill ( Thomas, D 2009 ) Presently, McDonalds brings a batch impact upon the society and stakeholder. McDonalds replaces the froth to paper wraps, which make up 70 % to 90 % decrease in sandwich packaging volume ( Better Packaging with McDonald ‘s, 2009 ) . Besides, McDonalds besides cut down the sum of stuff used in the packaging, which indicate less natural stuff usage and therefore less solid waste green goods ( our environment, 2008 ) . For illustration, in 2005, McDonalds redesigned the interior of North American Fry boxes, which make up more than 1,100 dozenss boxing waste saved per twelvemonth ( McDonald ‘s Worldwide Corporate Responsibility Report, 2006 ) . Furthermore, McDonalds in Unite State has recycled over 17 dozenss of corrugate composition board per twelvemonth ( Recycling in the eating house – Concentrating on operational chances 2010 ) . Corrugate unlifelike represent about 30 % of the entire eating house waste and as consequence of recycling, divert the sum of waste from landfills. McDonalds has an purpose of accomplishing to recycle 100 % of their corrugated composition board ( our environment, 2008 ) . By the manner, approximately 10 % of the entire eating house wastes come from the used cookery oil and McDonalds has converted into biodiesel ( our environment, 2008 ) . McDonalds in United State has recycled about 13,000 lbs of used cookery oil per twelvemonth. Currently, more than 80 % of the used oil in Europe has transformed into biodiesel ( Recycling in the eating house – Concentrating on operational chances 2010 ) . As a consequence, it is stopped the used cookery oil from send to landfills. ( Please conso lidate and present it in a more systematic manner. ) In add-on, the test of change overing the waste to energy has been successfully decrease 54 % per centum of C emanation as audited by the Carbon Trust ( Brass, E 2009 ) . The sum of waste save from landfill could be 65 tones if the eating houses continue implement this disposal. For the energy generate from the waste provide plenty heat and electricity to the edifice ( Pull offing the impacts of the leftovers, 2010 ) . For case, in UK the energy generate from the nutrient waste, which able to power the 22 million visible radiation bulbs to community ( Brass, E 2009 ) . Now let concentrate on the advantages and disadvantages of McDonald patterns in the waste direction. The major advantage through the waste direction patterns is reduced the nursery gas emanation. Methane particularly one of the nursery gases which largely generate by the landfills operation and convey harmful effects to the environment and human wellness. Therefore, the cardinal factor success of lower down the gases emanation is driven by the greater recycle wastes, increased sum of waste recovery and incineration combined with energy production ( Improved waste direction presenting clime benefits, 2008 ) . Another advantage of the waste direction patterns is generated a liveable environment to society ( Waste Disposal Methods Advantages and Disadvantages n.d. ) . It is because people can be and populate in a comfort environment with free of waste. . ( are at that place any scholarly cogent evidence to back up this statement? ) is to assist to cut down the sum of waste. Through the waste direction patterns, McDonalds has send less waste to landfill and finally less waste occupy the landfill However, there are some disadvantages of the waste direction patterns. The major disadvantage is contaminated the environment ( Waste Disposal Methods Advantages and Disadvantages n.d. ) . The public-service corporations of documents as packaging particularly are unfriendly to the environment in the waste direction pattern. It is because there will increase the environment impact in production of paper packaging point. An analysis conducted by the Franklin Associates, an independent environmental research house that the production between polystyrene froth and paper toward the environment impact. The consequence show that the fabrication of paper containers particularly make up 46 per centum more air pollution, 42 per centum more H2O pollution and 75 per centum more industrial waste than that of plastic. Made preponderantly of air, paper requires 30 per centum more energy to bring forth than froth ( Eckhardt, A 1998 ) . Therefore, the utilizing of paper really leads the pollution occur. Consequently, planetary heating particularly occurs one time the pollution acquiring terrible and serious. Besides, the disadvantage of the waste direction patterns is influence the people wellness. The procedure of convert the waste to energy demand go through the incineration, which may breathe the harmful gases into the environment that risky to occupants ‘ wellness, as the emanation fume is unseeable and s melly. Undoubtedly, it brings the negative impact to society ( Krishna, G 2006 ) . As decision, the waste direction patterns should be adopted to pull off the waste in order to supply the healthy and clean environment to the society. The societal public presentation of McDonalds in relation to the environment has enormously contributed. Even though the riddance of waste from the fast nutrient eating houses is impossible, some effectual and efficiency of alternate methods should besides seek in order to cut down and forestall the waste from being engulfed the Earth. If the big fast nutrient company like McDonalds does non command the waste produce from the eating house and salvage the planet, people will certainly die themselves one twenty-four hours.

Do You Believe in Miracles

Ami Denman Dr. Anderson Phil 1043 4/26/13 Do You Believe In Miracles? Do you believe in miracles? I find it rather intriguing that some people still try to use science or any number of other disciplines as a way of explaining, give meaning or rationalizing the question of miracles or the existence of a higher power.I find it hard to understand why humans deny at least the possibility that everyday life presents us with mysteries that cannot simply be explained by human reasoning, rational explanations, the laws of science, or by the laws of nature, but instead just simply acknowledge that some things are unexplainable or justifiable and just miraculous.Although the belief in miracles have seemly been acknowledged as factual for centuries in works such as the Bible, many philosophers and scientists still question the validity of a miraculous event or experience and refuse to ascribe to the reasonable explanation that some things in the natural world cannot be proved by the method of s cience and are explicitly miraculous. A miracle can be de? ned by Hume as a ? transgression of a law of nature by the violation of a particular deity or invisible agent?.For scholars such as Maurice Wiles, Alastair McKinnon, and Steven Bayne a miracle can never occur because the actual concept of a miracle is incoherent. Bayne states, â€Å"Given Hume’s view on the nature of belief and belief production, it seems†¦that we should begin not by asking whether belief in a miracle can be rationally justified, but by asking whether a belief in a miracle is even possible. † However, I will aim to demonstrate why miracles can occur because ultimately the de? nition of miracles put forward by David Hume is archaic and irrelevant to today’s society.David Hume proposed a theoretical and practical case for why it is impossible for one ever to know if a miracle has occurred. His theoretical case begins by stating that all our knowledge comes from sensory experience and empirical evidence and the only proof for a miracle is its testimony. The probability that this is incorrect due to the witness being deluded or unreliable is much greater than the probability that a miracle has actually occurred, that is that the laws of nature have been violated.For this reason it seems clear that a miracle can never occur because the chance of the testimony being incorrect will always be greater than the laws of nature being wrong. For Hume ? a wise man proportions his beliefs?. There are several problems with this proposition, which demonstrate why Hume is incorrect, and miracles do actually occur. The ? rst is that his theory is founded upon Newtonian laws of nature and thus he argues that laws of nature are absolute and ? xed. However, works of Einstein have showed that laws of nature are in fact not absolute and ? ed and much of Newton? s work is to be doubted upon. Furthermore, quantum mechanics has shown that actually laws of nature don? t always have regul arity the study of particles on such a detailed level has shown that movement in the particles is random. The implications of these discoveries in science have meant that theories such as Hume, which base themselves on Newtonian laws, are also invalid like Newton’s work. Miracles can then occur and cannot be explained by science like quantum mechanics.However, there are not just problems for skeptics and scientists with accepting the existence of miracles. Maurice Wiles an American theologian suggested that if we accept miracles then we are lead to the conclusion that God is arbitrary and partisan therefore not a morally good God. Wiles says that this is unlikely, it is more likely that God is morally good and chooses not to intervene. He states that the only intervention God has in the world is creation and now sustaining his creation.Wiles on these grounds reject the notion of a miracle and suggests that they can never occur. What Wiles fails to realize is that God is not h uman, he is a being out of this world with characteristics possessed by no humans and so it is not necessary that this dilemma can be applied to him. As St Augustine said God is beyond human reasoning and it not necessarily that we will understand him or his behavior fully. Also, what Wiles is saying contradicts belief which has been around for over 2,000 years.It seems more likely that Wiles is incorrect than all the philosopher and theologians who predeceased him. For this reason, we can reject Wiles? argument and believe that miracles do actually occur. Swinburne, nevertheless, attempts to answer Wiles? dilemma. He gives that analogy of a child and parent relationship. Just like a parent keeps rules and expects the child to follow them, now and again the parent may agree to break the rules if for example a child pleads a lot. The same way God may violate the laws of nature if he so feels that it is logical.This is a credible suggestion for God? s apparent arbitrary and partisan n ature because religious scripture can be used to back up the belief that a parent and child relationship is analogous to the relationship between us and God and it makes sense. Furthermore, if God decided to constantly perform miracles there would be no such thing as faith and judgement because everyone would believe in God. We would not even make advancements because we would be so reliant on God? s intervention.This suggestions show that there may be other reasons to why God intervenes in such an â€Å"arbitrary and partisan† fashion. Alastair McKinnon went one-step ahead of Hume and stated that miracles are impossible because the concept of a miracle is incoherent. McKinnon begins by de? ning a law of nature, for McKinnon a law of nature is a descriptive sentence which describes a course of event for example, if I drop my pen and say gravity has caused my pen to fall on the ground, I am just describing what happened and nothing more than that.McKinnon goes onto question ho w can one then say miracles, which are violations of laws of nature, occur. It is impossible to suggest that a course events could be violated. McKinnon therefore concludes that the existence of miracles is impossible. McKinnon’s view on this topic is not a popular one and this is because he rests his case in the belief that laws of nature are merely descriptive. Most scholars and nearly all scientists would disagree and explain that a law of nature is more than that, a law of nature explains how things occur nd make predictions and thus it seems perfectly logical for this to be violated, hence miracles to occur. Another problem with all of the arguments explored in this essay is that they seems to categorize miracles are natural events yet there is no proof for that. Miracles may actually be supernatural events caused by something out of this and again leading to the possibility that miracles can occur. My position and the scholarly views presented have been built on the fou ndation that a miracle is a violation of a law of nature when actually this may not be true. The de? ition proposed by Hume suggests we have some kind of God of the gaps that where science cannot be used to explain something we use God when actually in our modern world a miracle is not looked at in terms of the laws of nature it has violated and probability. For most people a miracle is an event which holds religious signi? cance. This de? nition was put forward by R. F. Holland and P. Tillich and seems to be much more realistic. It can be conceived then that miracles can occur because at the end of it Hume? s de? nition of a miracle is outdated and not a clear representation of how people understand miracles today.A miracle is any event whether it breaks the laws of nature or not but holds religious signi? cance for the individual. Bibliography Anghel. Alexandru. â€Å"Hume On Miracles and the Lourdes Phenomenon†. Scientific Journal of Humanistic Studies 4. 6(2012):25-32. Ac ademic Search Complete. Web. 2 Apr. 2013. â€Å"Are Miracles Identifiable? † Web. 10 Apr. 2013. www. thywordistruth. com/Miracles/miracles. pdf Bayne, Steven M. â€Å"Hume On Miracles: Would It Take A Miracle To Believe In A Miracle? †. Southern Journal of Philosophy, 45,1,pp 1-29, Academic Search Complete.Web. 2 Apr. 2013. Corner, David. â€Å"Miracles. † Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. March 24 2005. 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